ASAD MIRZA
As the 1446 AH Hajj season approaches, Saudi Arabia is ushering in a new era of pilgrim management through the strategic deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) and cutting-edge technology. With millions of Muslims from around the world journeying to the holy city of Makkah, the challenge of ensuring a safe, smooth, and spiritually enriching pilgrimage has never been more significant. In response, Saudi authorities have taken a proactive and innovative approach, integrating AI to meet logistical, linguistic, and spiritual needs.
As of May 26, 2025, over 1,070,000 international pilgrims have arrived in the Kingdom, according to official figures. India alone is sending 175,025 pilgrims this year, with arrangements coordinated by the Ministry of Minority Affairs. The sheer scale of Hajj—one of the largest annual human gatherings in the world—requires meticulous planning and resource management, particularly in light of soaring summer temperatures and evolving global travel dynamics.
In a landmark move, the Saudi government has introduced an AI-powered robot named Manara at the Grand Mosque in Makkah. This high-tech assistant provides real-time religious guidance in 11 languages, including Arabic, English, Urdu, Bengali, and Malay. Designed to help pilgrims navigate the spiritual and practical aspects of Hajj, the robot blends Islamic tradition with modern innovation, making religious teachings more accessible to a global audience.
The Manara Robot is not just a language translator. It features a sophisticated database of Islamic rulings (Fatwas) to answer frequently asked questions on religious practices. For inquiries beyond its programmed knowledge, the robot can facilitate live video consultations with certified Islamic scholars. In this way, it upholds the integrity and sanctity of religious discourse, while offering an inclusive service to pilgrims from diverse linguistic backgrounds.
Visually, the robot reflects Islamic architectural aesthetics, adorned with motifs echoing the design of the Two Holy Mosques. Equipped with a 21-inch touchscreen, high-resolution cameras, and 5G connectivity, it ensures seamless, user-friendly interaction. The robot is strategically positioned to offer assistance without disrupting the sacred environment, making it a symbol of thoughtful technological integration.
The use of AI in Hajj is not limited to religious guidance. Ground sensors and smart gate readers have been installed at mosque entrances to monitor pedestrian flow and manage crowd dynamics in real-time. AI-powered surveillance systems analyze movement patterns and flag areas prone to congestion, enabling swift intervention by authorities. This data-driven approach enhances safety, improves crowd control, and reduces the risk of stampedes—an ever-present concern during peak pilgrimage days.
Saudi Arabia’s broader investment in robotics is evident in other innovations as well. Earlier this year, the Kingdom introduced Sara, its first humanoid robot, capable of engaging in dialogue in both Arabic and English. Sara represents a national vision of using AI to promote cultural values while enhancing public services.
Technological advancements are also improving infrastructure around the holy sites. In Arafat, over 84,000 square metres of road have been resurfaced with recycled materials that reflect up to 40% more sunlight, resulting in surface temperatures dropping by approximately 12°C. This initiative not only makes the walking experience more bearable for pilgrims but also contributes to reduced energy consumption and improved air quality.
One of the standout features this year is a 4,000-metre cooled pedestrian pathway leading to Mount Arafat. Designed for comfort and accessibility, it includes advanced paving that reduces vibrations—especially beneficial for the elderly and those with disabilities. The use of flexible rubber asphalt over 16,000 square metres enhances shock absorption and walking comfort, providing a safer and more dignified experience for all.
Further enriching the spiritual journey, Saudi authorities have developed a 1,200-metre green corridor complete with trees, mist-cooling systems, and water fountains. This project, undertaken in collaboration with the Abdulrahman Fakieh Charitable Foundation, provides much-needed shade and refreshment, while also contributing to the aesthetic and ecological enhancement of the area.
These initiatives are aligned with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, a national framework aimed at economic diversification and modernization. By embracing AI and sustainable development, the Kingdom is positioning itself as a global leader in managing large-scale religious events through technological excellence.
As technology continues to redefine religious experiences, Saudi Arabia’s approach offers a blueprint for other nations. For instance, high-footfall religious sites in India—such as Vaishno Devi, Tirupati Balaji, and Sabarimala—could benefit immensely from similar AI-driven crowd management and multilingual support systems. Even global Christian pilgrimage sites like the Vatican, where an estimated 45,000 people gathered in St. Peter’s Square during the 2025 papal conclave, could explore such innovations for improving both safety and engagement.
The introduction of the Manara Robot at the Grand Mosque is a compelling testament to the Saudi government’s commitment to innovation without compromising tradition. It reflects a thoughtful convergence of faith and futurism, where technology enhances spirituality rather than detracts from it.
As millions embark on this sacred journey, AI is set to become an invaluable companion—quietly working behind the scenes to ensure every pilgrim’s path is as safe, accessible, and spiritually fulfilling as possible. This raises a powerful question for the future: How can we continue to integrate modern technology into ancient traditions in a way that respects, preserves, and elevates them?